Dr. Mahamudu Bawumia, former Vice President of Ghana, has warned that one of the greatest threats to democracy in Africa today is the ongoing struggle for survival, which he refers to as “the Next Meal.”
He stressed that democracy must do more than establish institutions; it must deliver tangible benefits to citizens and ensure that no one is left behind.
In a recent address, Dr. Bawumia emphasized that democracy must be measured by the real improvements it brings to people’s lives. He argued that it cannot simply be a theoretical concept or a political structure, but must translate into better living conditions and opportunities for citizens.
“Democracy is not just about the systems in place; it must result in outcomes that improve the lives of the people,” Bawumia said.
He pointed to the stark poverty levels in Sub-Saharan Africa, where the World Bank reports that two-thirds of the world’s poorest people live. Bawumia warned that such poverty not only hinders economic progress but also undermines the foundations of democracy, as citizens struggling to meet basic needs are less likely to actively participate in the political process.
“For many people in Africa, the priority is survival,” Bawumia explained. “When securing the next meal is a constant concern, democracy becomes secondary.”
Dr. Bawumia also referenced a 2024 World Bank report on Nigeria, which revealed that over half of the population lives in multidimensional poverty. He argued that this widespread poverty erodes trust in democratic systems and makes it harder for people to engage meaningfully in governance.
“The best form of democracy is one that fulfills its promises,” Bawumia stated. “When people are no longer consumed by the need for survival, they can fully embrace democratic principles and take part in the political process.”
In conclusion, Dr. Bawumia urged African leaders to focus on governance that prioritizes the well-being of citizens. He emphasized that only when people’s basic needs are met can democracy truly thrive.
“Democracy can only flourish when people feel secure in their daily lives,” he concluded.
